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UNITED STATES vPATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM I. CASSELMANOF VERNON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO ELIAS A. SWAN, OF NEW YORK, N.` Y.

MACHINE FOB CARVING MARBLE, STONE, 86C.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 11,286, dated July 11, 1854.`

` and useful Improvements in Machinery for Carving Marble and other Substances; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, refera ence being had to the annexed drawings, making part of this specification, wherein- Figure 1, is a plan, Fig. 2, is an end elevation and Fig. 3 a side elevation of the apparat-us used for carving with a revolvingV bed.

The `other figures are separately referred to and the like marks of reference designate the same parts.

It will be evident that the article to be `carved receiving either a rectilinear or circular motion, and the tool receiving a horizontal as well as a vertical motion almost any gure can be produced by the tool;

hence'yattempts have heretofore been made to eiect carving both of wood moldings and other articles by giving these movements to the tool and bed. Therefore this does not constitute my invention, but the nature of my said invention consists in so arranging and `applying adjustable pattern wheels in connection with a moving bed carrylng the material to be operated on that` the said wheels shall communicate a horizontal or vertical motion or both to the tool or cutter which performs the work.

It must be borne in mind that in order to accomplish carving of any desired character there must be a great variety of pattern wheels, and they will have to be applied in a yvariety of ways t-o accomplish the carving a1 is a shaft `set in bearing in the bed` frame and having a pinion l, near the midi dle lthereof between the frames to which `competent power isto be applied to drive the machine. On one end of this shaft al is a miter `Wheel 2, gearing to asimilar wheel 3 on a vertical shaft 4, the lower endof which shaft is stepped in a frame or boX I), and the upper supported in the cross piece or head block b1 which is sustained on the upper ends of the vertical slides, b2.

c, is a gear wheel on the shaft 4, communieating through gear wheels c1 and c2 a rotary motion to the circular bed dl, which is set on a center 5, in thebed plate d, that is supported by and attached to the cross pieces a, of the main bedplate.

6` is a miter gear on the opposite end` of the shaft a? to the wheel 2, gearing into a `similar wheel `7, on the vertical shaft 8, `which is supported by a step 9, atthe bot- `tom and by the cross pieceb1 at top, so that the shafts 4f and 8 travel atlthe same speed. e, is a cross bar so set in the slides b2 that it can be moved up and down as hereafter detailed. This bar is beveled back on the top and bottom edge to receive the sliding rest el which carries the cutting tool l0. This tool may be of any `desired shape so as to form a square cut or may be shaped so as to form a molding.

e2 is an arm attached to the slide rest el project-ingthrough` the sides in which the bar e, `is sustained, and terminating as a point e3 as shown in Fig. 4,iwhich is a plan of the same and of the end of the pattern wheel which acts on the arm. i

f is a fixed wheel or disk on the shaft 8, having attached to the face thereof pattern plates 11, of any desired shape, and the width of the end e3 `of the arm is to be such Whether the bar e, is raised or depressed.

l2 is a spring or similar means to keep the end e3 against the patterns 11.

It will now be seen that if a block or slab of marble is secured to the bed Z1 and power applied to` revolve said bed, the gearings being properly proportioned, the tool l0,will be slid in and out cutting into said marble or other material in a compound curved or zigzag edge to the circle described by the revolution of the bed, and by sotiming the revolutions of the pattern wheel and bed plate, andattaching the necessary patterns to the pattern wheel f any desired shape of nated with a similar end to the end e3 andv operated on by patterns 13, on the pattern wheel h, which revolving` in unison with the wheel f, can be made to follow up the slide rest el and keep the end e3 against the patterns 11, the pattern 13, being properly formed for that purpose.

In cutting or carving circular as well as straight work it is often necessary to raise the tool from the surface at certain times and depress it at others so as to vary the depth of cut, or lift the tool to pass over raised work; to accomplish this purpose I attach two slings g, g, one on each end of the bar e, which pass down with a guide fork on each side of the shaft al.

g? are arms at right angles from the slings (which may be made adjustable vertically if found necessary) projecting over adjustable pattern wheels g2, these pattern Wheels l are made in a similar manner to the wheels f and L, having pattern plates attached thereto, which plates can be adjusted or changed as required, so as to give the requisite lifting mot-ion to the sliding gate or tool rest. j

In carving marble and other substances it is often necessary both with a revolving as well as with a. sliding bed to use a tool to groove into or plow up the surface and then cut under the edge of the groove or recess so as to relieve the work from the surface; to effect this operation I construct a tool similar to that shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and in larger size in Fig. 5.

15, is an arm with the point 16, to the pattern 13, on the Wheel h, and 14, is a sliding tool rest on the bar c, attached to the arm 15. The attachment between the arm 15 and slide may be made adjustable by slots and screws if necessary, soas to place the tool rest in theproper position, and this may also be done at the connection between the arm e2, and sliding rest if so required.

On the tool rest 14, I attach, by means of a screw countersunk from the inside of the rest so as to move the samey out of a vertical line if required, a stockl( that carries a shaft 18, through bearings in the stock, on the upper end of which is a worm wheel 19 in which a worm pinion 20, works, which pinion is supported in journals on the stock 17, and has a handle or other means by which the worm pinion is rotated to turn the shaft 18, into any desired position; on the lower end of this shaft is a tool stock z',

widened and 'the cutters be made to plow under the edge of the recess, and if the edge ofthe cutter Q2, be molded, a bead or molding may be formed on the edge of the recess, and by using the adjustable pattern wheels in connection with the cutter a zigzag or corrugated cut or groove can be produced, and the stock z', might be extended on the opposite side of the shaft 18, and similarly fitted to cut on both sides of a groove if required. And either one or both of the cutters can be used at once, or a cutter similar to the tool 10, can be attached in place of the undercutting knife so as to cut on the two sides of any article at once, thereby the machine can be made to cut both sides of a molding or table top, or any similar article in the required curved lines.

It will be evident that various kinds of adjustable pattern wheels may be used, the

`patterns being attached in various Ways to the wheels, some of these are shown in Figs.

G, 7, and 8.

The pattern wheel f, may have adjustable points 25, attached to it as in Fig. 6, and the end of the arm e2 formed with a box 24, into which blocks or patterns 23, are placed, and secured by a screw. These blocks may be of any desired shape so as to give the tool the required movement as the point passes over the ends of said blocks and moves them, or in place o-f these blocks adjustable rollers may be used to avoid friction onthe points. And the body of the pattern wheel may be perforated as shown in Fig. 7, so as to receive a pattern block on its circumference secured by a screw passing thro-ugh the rim of the wheel into the block.

In cutting marble table tops and similar articles from a slab of marble or other material, the out-line is often required to be a shaft, the effect of which arrangement is' that when the end e3 comes in contact with any roller or wheel it will move on its center and give the curved motion to the tool and avoid the friction consequent upon the rubbing surface of a solid pattern on the end of the arm.

lIt Will be evident that by having a pattern corresponding to the shapeof table top set on the head block b1, central over the bed a', and causing the pattern and bed to revolve together, the table top or similar article would be easily formed of the shape of the pattern, the tool being kept to the pattern;

Fig. 9, is a plan andFifg. 10, is an end view of the manner in Which I lit my carving machine for performing straight Work and combine my pattern Wheels With a reciprocating motion. 'Ihe Whole of the parts except the rotary bed and gearing (which are removed) are the `same and before described, and act in the manner before detailed, When the block of marble or other substance has a rectilinear reciprocating Inotion, therefore need no further description.

c, is the sliding bed or carriage moving on Ways 28, and the pinion 1, taking a rack on the under side of the bed propels the same back and forth any distance required, the pinion receiving the necessary alternating mot-ion for that purpose by suitable means. The parts Will thus perform straight carving of moldings according to the shape of the tool, and when the pattern Wheels are brought into use to operate upon the tool, a corrugated or zigzag form may be produced either vertically or horizontally or both combined, according as the pattern Wheels are brought into operation. i

In cases Where a spiral or zigzag spiral are required to be placed on a column or similar article I suspend the sameon centers in the head blocks m, m1, attached to the bed so that a column can be.f1uted or otherwise figured in a straight line by successively running the bed and column n, back and forth beneath a properly formed tool, and a zigzag can be formed by the use of the pattern Wheels to move the tool laterally. And the column hanging on centers can be rotated as the bed proceeds to receive a regular or zigzag spiral.

nl, n2, and n3, are gears to rotate the column set on an arm 29 from the head block m1. The gear n3, setting around and sliding on a shaft 30 With a long key allows the gear to be carried along with the bed; this shaft receives motion by means 0f gears 0, 01, from the shaft 8, and set in bearings 81.

Having thus described the method in which I use my adjustable pattern Wheel in connection With a circular or reciprocating bed I will novv proceed finally to show the method in which I apply one single revolving pattern Wheell by means of levers to placethe tool or tools in the desired position by communicating both a sidewise and vertical motion tov said cutters or tools.

Fig. l1, is a plan of the parts with the head block 1, and other parts not used in thie motion removed. Fig. 12, is an end view, and Fig. 13, is a side view of the Wheel With movable patterns. i

. main frame A. i

s, is a Wheel on the shaft 36, on the edge and sides of which pattern blocks or plates `are attached by screws or similar means to form when moving the tools the shape desired to be cut, Which the Wheel in its revolution operates on the tools through levers as neXt set forth.

t, t, are slides receiving the cross bar t1, to the ends of Which bar levers u, u1, are jointed and said levers are set on a cross shaft 38, supported by links fv, to the frame, Which shaft forms the fulcrum for the levers, and the other ends of the levers are bent and joined together over the circumference of the pattern Wheel at 39, so as to communicate to the bar 1, a vertical-movement and raise or depress the cutters. Of course the pattern Wheel has to be the reverse of the shape to be cut so as to allow the tool t0 raise (by a Weight or spring) when the end 39 enters a concavity in the pat-tern Wheel.

`40, is a.fulcrum on the shaft 38, carrying the levers w, in the form of tongs that receive motion at the ends 11, from the side patterns on the Wheel s, and the shorter ends are connected by ball and socket joints or similar means to the sliding rests, .r and m1, on the bar t1. The ends 40, are kept against the patterns by springs or similar means. The rests m1, carry tools of any desired size or shape, and by means of the movable patterns on the Wheel s, the tools can be placed in any required position either horizontally or vertically, and by the use of this arrangement any desired shape can be produced, the material to be operated on receiving a reciprocating motion on the bed.

By the useyof adjustable or movable patterns a great variety of shapes can be 0btained by composing the figure required on the pattern Wheel or Wheels. Thus a variety of angles, arcs of circles, points, rollers and other shapes can be attached for a` given purpose, thereby avoiding the cost of solid Wheels for each variety of pattern; and Where solid Wheels are used the machine has to be taken apart to a great extent to vary the pattern cut, but in my case all that is necessary is to unscrevv one set ofpatterns and substitute another in place thereof, thereby saving much expense and loss of time in changing the machine.

I do not claim moving a cutter by means of solid pattern Wheels as this has been done, but I am not aware of any apparatus heretofore used in which adjustable or movable patterns have been attached to a fixed Wheel and so combined with a revolving or reciprocating bed, that cutters are thereby brought to operate on the marble or other material to carve the same as specified.

Therefore What I desire tosecure by Letters Patent isf l. I claim the means herein described and shown for carving or cutting marble or other material consisting of the adjustable or movable blocks or patterns on a revolving Wheel or Wheels, for determining the position of the cutting tool or tools either horizontally or vertically, in combination with a revolving or reciprocating bed as specified.

2. I claim communicating motion from a pattern Wheel or Wheels, constructed With lmovable or adjustable patterns,` both onthe'` circumference and on the sides, to the sliding tool or tools by means of levers' so set and operating as t0 place said tools in the equired position as the parts move as speci- 3. I claim constructing a cutting tool or tools for carving marble or similar substances Wth blades or tools 21, 22, attached to the bottom and side of the stock z', which stock is so fitted as to receive a rotary motion to operate as specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature this thirty first day of J anuary one thousand eight hundred and Afifty four.

WILLIAM I. CASSELMAN.

Witnesses:

LEMUEL W. SERRELL, vTHOMAS G. HAROLD. 

